STUDII CLINICE MICRO-CURENTI & FRECVENTE
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies (2005) 9, 169–176 Cytokine changes with microcurrent treatment of fibromyalgia associated with cervical spine trauma Carolyn R. McMakin, Walter M. Gregory, Terry M.Phillips
Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Clinic of Portland, 17214 SE Division Street, Portland, OR 97230, USA
"Patients who have Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) associated with cervical spine trauma have distinct pain descriptors and physical examination findings. Currently, there is no effective treatment for fibromyalgia. […] The findings associated with this treatment in an otherwise challenging group of patients suggests that this treatment modality warrants further characterization in studies that include sham treatments, matched controls and expanded monitoring for cytokines and neuropeptides."
Pain Med. 2007 May-Jun;8(4):295-300 Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current in primary dysmenorrhea.
Tugay N, Akbayrak T, Demirtürk F, Karakaya IC, Kocaacar O, Tugay U, Karakaya MG, Demirtürk F. "Both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current appear to be effective in primary dysmenorrhea. As they are free from the potentially adverse effects of analgesics, and no adverse effects are reported in the literature nor observed in this study, a clinical trial of their effectiveness in comparison with untreated and placebo-treated control groups is warranted."
The efficacy of frequency specific microcurrent therapy on delayed onset muscle soreness.
Curtis D, Fallows S, Morris M, McMakin C "This study compared the effects of frequency specific microcurrent (FSM) therapy versus sham therapy in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in order to determine whether specifi c frequencies on two channels would produce better results than single channel single frequency microcurrent therapy which has been shown to be ineffective as compared to sham treatment in DOMS. 18 male and 17 female healthy participants (mean age 32+/-4.2 years) were recruited. Following a 15-min treadmill warm-up and 5 sub-maximal eccentric muscle contractions, participants performed 5 sets of 15 maximal voluntary eccentric muscle contractions, with a 1-min rest between sets, on a seated leg curl machine. Post-exercise, participants had one of their legs assigned to a treatment (T) regime (20 min of frequency specific microcurrent stimulation), while the participant's other leg acted as control (NT). Soreness was rated for each leg at baseline and at 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise on a visual analogue scale (VAS), which ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain ever). No significant difference was noted at baseline p=1.00. Post-exercise there was a significant difference at 24h (T=1.3+/-1.0, NT=5.2+/- 1.3, p=0.0005), at 48 h (T=1.2+/-1.1, NT=7.0+/-1.1, p=0.0005) and at 72 h (T=0.7+/-0.6, NT=4.0+/-1.6,p=0.0005). FSM therapy provided signifi cant protection from DOMS at all time points tested.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Feb;12(2):104-17.
Feedback regulation of EGFR signalling: decision making by early and delayed loops.
Avraham R, Yarden Y "Human-made information relay systems invariably incorporate central regulatory components, which are mirrored in biological systems by dense feedback and feedforward loops. This type of system control is exemplified by positive and negative feedback loops (for example, receptor endocytosis and dephosphorylation) that enable growth factors and receptor Tyr kinases of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ERBB family to regulate cellular function. Recent studies show that the collection of feedback regulatory loops can perform computational tasks - such as decoding ligand specificity, transforming graded input signals into a digital output and regulating response kinetics. Aberrant signal processing and feedback regulation can lead to defects associated with pathologies such as cancer."
Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Using Frequency Specific Microcurrent Carolyn McMakin, MA, DC
“Dual channel, specific-frequency microamperage current produced dramatic improvements in a collected case report of patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Treatment is noninvasive, low risk, widely available, relatively inexpensive, and appears to have no signifi cant side effects. A controlled trial should be performed to further evaluate its effectiveness in this otherwise diffi cult patient group."